The Khopyor regiment was responsible for the western flank of the line. This marked the start of the Caucasus War, which would continue for almost 90 years. This created a 500- verst undefended border, and in the summer of 1777 the Khopyor regiment - in addition to the remnants of the Volga Cossacks and a Vladimir Dragoon regiment - were re-settled in the Northern Caucasus to build the Azov- Mozdok defence line. The end of the war and the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca brought Russia's frontiers south from the Kuban River's entry into the Azov Sea along its right bank and right to the bend of the Terek River. Owing to their service in the war, on 6 October 1774 Catherine the Great issued a manifesto granting their request. On the Russian frontier (1777–1860)Ĭossack reconnaissance during the Caucasus wars, by Franz Roubaudĭuring the Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774), the Don Cossacks on the Khopyor River took part in the campaign, and in 1770 - then numbering four settlements - requested to form a regiment. Renamed the Black Sea Cossack Host, a total of 25,000 men made the migration in 1792-93. The new host played a crucial role in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792), and for their loyalty and service the Russian Empress rewarded them with eternal use of the Kuban, then inhabited by Nogai remnants, and in the cause of the Caucasus War a crucial progress in further pushing the Russian line into Circassia. Potemkin suggested that the former commanders Antin Holovaty, Zakhary Chepiha and Sydir Bily round the former Cossacks into a Host of the loyal Zaporozhians in 1787. In 1778 the Turkish sultan offered the exiled Zaporozhians the chance to build a new Danubian Sich. Others joined the Imperial Russian Husar and Dragoon regiments, while most turned to local farming and trade.Ī decade later, the Russian administration was forced to reconsider its decision, with the escalation of tension with the Ottoman Empire. The Zaporozhians scattered some (five thousand men or 30% of the host) fled to the Ottoman-controlled Danube area. The operation was carried out by General Pyotr Tekeli. In 1775, after numerous attacks on Serbian colonisers, the Russian Empress Catherine the Great had Grigory Potemkin destroy the Zaporozhian Host. Another problem for the imperial Russian government was the Cossacks' resistance to colonization of lands the government considered theirs. The Zaporozhian Sich, however, represented a safe haven for runaway serfs, where the state authority did not extend, and often took part in rebellions which were constantly breaking out in Ukraine. With their traditional adversaries, the Crimean Khanate and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth now all but defunct, the Russian administration saw little military use for them. By the late 18th century, however, their combat ability was greatly reduced. In a different part of southeastern Europe, on the middle Dnieper in what is now Ukraine, lived the Zaporozhian Cossacks. The modern Kuban Cossack Host was re-established in 1990 at the fall of the Soviet Union.Ī memorial to the first settlers in Taman Hence, during the Second World War, Cossacks fought both for the Red Army and against them with the German Wehrmacht. The decossackization is frequently described as genocide of the Cossacks. The Kuban Cossacks suffered heavily during the Soviet policy of decossackization, which between 19 aimed at the elimination of the Cossacks as a separate ethnic, political, and economic entity. During the Russian Civil War, the Kuban Cossacks proclaimed the Kuban People's Republic, and played a key role in the southern theatre of the conflict. The Kuban Cossack Host (Кубанское казачье войско), the administrative and military unit composed of Kuban Cossacks, formed in 1860 and existed until 1918. The eastern and southeastern part of the host was previously administered by the Khopyour and Kuban regiments of the Caucasus Line Cossack Host and Don Cossacks, who were re-settled from the Don from 1777. The western part of the host ( Taman Peninsula and adjoining region to the northeast) was settled by the Black Sea Cossack Host who were originally the Zaporozhian Cossacks of Ukraine, from 1792. Most of the Kuban Cossacks are descendants of different major groups of Cossacks who were re-settled to the western Northern Caucasus in the late 18th century (estimated 230,000 to 650,000 initial migrants). Kuban Cossacks ( Russian: кубанские казаки, kubanskiye kаzaki Ukrainian: кубанські козаки, kubans'ki kozaky), or Kubanians ( Russian: кубанцы, kubantsy Ukrainian: кубанці, kubantsi), are Cossacks who live in the Kuban region of Russia.
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